Vitiligo is a skin condition in which well-defined white patches appear because of the loss of melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment. It affects around 1% of people, at any age and in any skin type. It is not contagious or dangerous, but it can have a big emotional impact.
Why does it happen?
It is an autoimmune process: the body’s own immune system attacks the melanocytes. Genetics play a part, along with triggers such as stress, sunburn or repeated friction. It is sometimes linked to other autoimmune conditions, such as thyroid disease.
Types
- Non-segmental vitiligo: the most common. Symmetrical patches on the face, hands, elbows, knees or areas of friction.
- Segmental vitiligo: affects one area or side of the body, usually starts in childhood and stabilises sooner.
Treatment
- Anti-inflammatory creams (corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors) to stop the condition progressing and encourage repigmentation.
- JAK inhibitor cream, a recent option with good results for facial vitiligo.
- Phototherapy with narrowband ultraviolet B light for more extensive cases.
- Oral treatment during phases of rapid spread.
Repigmentation is slow: first results are usually seen after 3 to 6 months. The face responds better than the hands and feet.
Care
Skin without pigment burns easily, so sun protection is essential. Cosmetic products can also camouflage the patches naturally.
If you have white patches on your skin, book an appointment: early diagnosis makes vitiligo easier to treat.
This article is for general information and does not replace a medical consultation.
